- Nuclear power plants.
- Hydroelectric power plants.
- Coal-fired power plants.
- Diesel-fired power plants.
- Geothermal power plants.
- Gas-fired power plants.
- Solar power plants.
- Wind power plants.
Nuclear power plants
Nuclear power plants are a type of power plant that use the process of nuclear fission in order to generate electricity. They do this by using nuclear reactors in combination with the Rankine cycle, where the heat generated by the reactor converts water into steam, which spins a turbine and a generator. Nuclear power provides the world with around 11% of its total electricity, with the largest producers being the United States and France. Figure 1. The Darlington nuclear power plant in Ontario produces power from four 878 MWCANDU reactors.
Figure 1
Aside from the source of heat, nuclear power plants are very similar to coal-fired power plants. However, they require different safety measures since the use of nuclear fuel has vastly different properties from coal or other fossil fuels. They get their thermal power from splitting the nuclei of atoms in their reactor core, with uranium being the dominant choice of fuel in the world today. Thorium also has potential use in nuclear power production, however it is not currently in use. Below is the basic operation of a boiling water power plant, which shows the many components of a power plant, along with the generation of electricity.
Rest power plants are quite common and can be used for domestic purposes as well. Solar power plants are very much in demand these days. Most of the people/industries are installing them and using them as secondary power source only while there is another way they can benefit from it. which is called NET METERING.
Net Metering
Net metering (or net energy metering, NEM) is an electricity billing mechanism that allows consumers who generate some or all of their own electricity to use that electricity anytime, instead of when it is generated. This is particularly important with renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which are non-dispatchable (when not coupled to storage). Monthly net metering allows consumers to use solar power generated during the day at night, or wind from a windy day later in the month. Annual net metering rolls over a net kilowatt-hour (kWh) credit to the following month, allowing solar power that was generated in July to be used in December, or wind power from March in August.
Net metering policies can vary significantly by country and by state or province: if net metering is available, if and how long banked credits can be retained, and how much the credits are worth (retail/wholesale). Most net metering laws involve monthly rollover of kWh credits, a small monthly connection fee, require a monthly payment of deficits (i.e. normal electric bill), and annual settlement of any residual credit. Net metering uses a single, bi-directional meter and can measure the current flowing in two directions. Net metering can be implemented solely as an accounting procedure, and requires no special metering, or even any prior arrangement or notification.
Feasibility Studies
NEPRA (National Electric Power Regulatory Authority) of Pakistan, adopted the regulation of the Generation; Transmission & Distribution of the Electric Power Act – Act 1997 section 7(1) on 1 September 2015 which approves the Rules and Regulations which enables the Net Metering Program for RE (Renewable Energy).
After setting the Power Plant it is eminent that your system is well aligned and fulfilling all the contingency studies of the power network it is attaching to which includes
- Load flow and contingency analysis
- Short circuit analysis
- Transient stability analysis
The above studies will be carried to demonstrate that
interconnection assessment of this power plant meets the National Electric Power Regulatory
Authority (NEPRA) Planning Criteria.
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